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Multiple Sclerosis Disease: Stages & Treatment

Sandeep Dhanyamraju
Medically reviewed by Chaitanya Bonda
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Sandeep Dhanyamraju
Medically reviewed by Chaitanya Bonda

the appearance of certain conditions. One such example is multiple sclerosis disease. Usually, people’s immune systems protect the body from infections. But with MS, the immune system damages the nerves of the brain and spinal cord in a person.

So, MS is an autoimmune disease of the nervous system. It manifests in nerve damage throughout the body. For this reason, they perceive and send impulses from the brain worse. As a result, the patient may experience muscle cramps, dizziness, and other signs. If you do not provide appropriate treatment, the disease begins to progress. There are four stages of multiple sclerosis:

  • 1 – Clinically Isolated Syndrome;
  • 2 – Relapsing-Remitting MS;
  • 3 – Secondary Progressive MS;
  • 4 – Primary Progressive MS.

Based on our observations, in most patients, we diagnose the remitting form at the beginning of the illness. But over time, it can turn into a worse one. In any case, doctors create a treatment program individually.

Understanding Multiple Sclerosis Disease

If you think that multiple sclerosis is just about that type of sclerosis with forgetfulness, then no, you are wrong. It is a neurological disease. It has an autoimmune origin. That is, the human immune system cells mistakenly attack their own myelin cells. It is a protective sheath of nerves. It is necessary for conducting a nerve impulse. And it is vital for standard signal transmission in the central nervous system. When the body damages it, the signal is distorted, and disturbances occur. From this moment, the stages of multiple sclerosis begin to appear. The condition usually has a progressive course. So, exacerbations and remissions often happen.

Why does multiple sclerosis develop?

Scientists have yet to find the reason for it. They have several assumptions about this, but they are not yet confirmed. For the most part, scientists discuss various factors for its appearance:

  • genetic predisposition;
  • environmental factors. There is even one fact about multiple sclerosis: it is common more in countries further from the equator and in people with low levels of vitamin D.
  • viruses.

Unfortunately, the disease can not be treated. Moreover, it progresses throughout life. In case of exacerbations, doctors use short-term therapy. It is with high doses of hormonal drugs. 

Is multiple sclerosis contagious? This is one more question that people often ask when facing this condition. In fact, it is not contagious. MS is a chronic disease. Thus, it is not transmitted from one person to another.

Immune System and MS

Everyone knows that the immune system fights illnesses in the human body. With the appearance of viruses and diseases, it tries to remove them from the body quickly. But in multiple sclerosis disease, the immune system mistakes its cells for harm. So, it starts attacking them, which can cause extra damage. The more the immune system attacks its cells, the more difficult illness is.

Also, the immune system in MS can produce large amounts of cytokines. These are signaling proteins that regulate the inflammatory process. Too many cytokines can support inflammation. It contributes to further damage to myelin. And when a person has an exacerbation of the disease, the immune system sends a large number of inflammatory cells to the affected area. It leads to further damage to myelin.

Types of Multiple Sclerosis

There are several types of MS. They can manifest themselves in various symptoms. So, they have various effects on the course of the disease. Here are more details about these types of MS:

  • Benign 

Benign MS is a rare form of the disease. With it, patients have minimal neurological signs and long periods of remission. People with this type can live without significant limitations. Accordingly, they function normally and almost without problems. This type of MS is in only a tiny percentage of patients.

  • Malignant

Based on our own experience, malignant MS is the most aggressive type of the disease. It has a rapid progression of neurological symptoms. It leads to disabling severe conditions. The malignant type can lead to increased disability for several years after diagnosis.

Regardless of the type of illness, it is imperative to carry out progressive MS treatment. It is to ease the manifestations.

Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis

Signs of this condition can vary depending on the stage. At the early stage of the disease, only some symptoms may appear. There may also be periods of improvement and deterioration. As multiple sclerosis progresses, the number and severity of symptoms usually increase. But the most common signs that often bother patients are:

  • attacks of dizziness;
  • tremors in the hands;
  • unsteadiness of gait;
  • muscle weakness;
  • deterioration of coordination of movements;
  • decreased sensitivity;
  • burning sensation, tingling, numbness of fingers;
  • seizures;
  • urinary disorders;
  • general weakness, apathy;
  • speech impairment;
  • issues with thinking;
  • a feeling of extreme fatigue and sleep disturbance.

an elderly man holding his head

Stages of Multiple Sclerosis

Like many other neurological diseases, multiple sclerosis disease has different stages of development. They classify from lighter to more complex. To know what stage you have, the doctor evaluates the disease’s symptoms and course. For this, neurologists conduct all necessary research and testing. Based on symptoms, they diagnose the stage of the disease. 

The very first one is when indicators deteriorate and improve alternately. A phase of progression may follow this. During it, the signs become more and more noticeable and unstable. The final stage is the most challenging. In it, the symptoms stop appearing, and the condition stops. But despite this, the patient’s state does not improve. The disease still exists and makes itself felt.

The use of effective progressive MS treatment can help control this disorder. But it is vital not to miss a single day of treatment and to follow the treatment plan strictly. It is to prevent the transition of the infection to a severe stage. So now let’s analyze the stages of multiple sclerosis in more detail:

Stage 1: Clinically Isolated Syndrome

It is the first episode of neurological symptoms in a person. A single case of brain or spinal cord inflammation most often characterizes it. Symptoms may include loss of balance, limb weakness, or blurred vision. Often, CSI may not recur and may be indistinguishable from later episodes of MS. Early diagnosis can help reduce the risk of this progressing to the next stage.

Stage 2: Relapsing-Remitting MS

Based on our observations, this is the most common stage of multiple sclerosis. Periodic exacerbations characterize this form of the disease. They alternate with periods of decline in symptoms. It includes decreased vision, a sharp decrease in body sensitivity, and so on. Exacerbations can last from several days to months. They often occur after stress, infection, or hypothermia. Relapsing-remitting MS usually does not lead to total disability. 

Stage 3: Secondary Progressive MS

This stage is associated with a decrease in the ability of the brain to compensate for changes occurring in the body. With this type, there are various unexpected outbreaks of symptoms. But during periods when they stop, the degree of disability of the patient does not improve. Symptoms may include incoordination, weakness, and vision problems. As this stage is severe enough, it needs progressive MS treatment.

Stage 4: Primary Progressive MS

In this rare type, there is a gradual deterioration without periods of remission. According to our research, this is the rarest stage of multiple sclerosis disease. It happens in 10-20% of cases. During it, patients may have various symptoms. It involves loss of balance, a feeling of body cooling, and movement problems. This form of illness develops more slowly compared to other stages. But its consequences can be more serious.

Progressive MS Treatment

There is one important thing you should know about treating MS. It is that doctors manage it individually. The illness can manifest itself variously for everyone. After all, each person’s immunity works differently. Accordingly, manifestations of MS are unique to each patient.

At the initial diagnosis, medics can recommend hospitalization to the patient. It is to assess their condition as accurately as possible. After it, they can better select an effective treatment. Patients can be prescribed:

  • Hormonal therapy. This is to reduce inflammation during an exacerbation of MS.
  • Cytostatic drugs. This is to stop the division of lymphocytes;
  • β-interferons. This is to reduce the frequency of relapses.
  • Immunosuppressants. This is to suppress the immune system to reduce the activity of MS.
  • Immunomodulators. This is to regulate the immune response and reduce inflammation.
  • Antispasmodics. This is to relieve muscle spasms and relieve seizure symptoms.
  • Muscle relaxants. This is to reduce seizures.
  • Anticholinesterase drugs and others. This is to increase acetylcholine levels to improve muscle control.

Remember that all these treatment methods are defined strictly according to your doctor’s prescription. Methods of diagnosis and progressive MS treatment are various for everyone!

an elderly man at a doctor's appointment

Facts About Multiple Sclerosis

When faced with a disease, it is interesting to delve deeper into it. So you can understand more about the manifestation and the reason for its appearance. It is especially true for multiple sclerosis. Scientists are still studying this disease. Thus, it remains a complex puzzle for scientists. But despite all this, they still have some proven facts about it.

Knowledge about this disease is constantly expanding. It gives hope for the development of new, effective methods of treatment for patients. Despite the difficulties in the emergence of MS, science continues to move forward. They try to find ways of decreasing its signs. Also, they learn interesting things about it to know more about it. So let’s look at some interesting facts about multiple sclerosis from scientists:

1. MS is difficult to detect

You are wrong if you think that multiple sclerosis will make itself known to you. In fact, this infection is very insidious. After all, you may not even suspect its existence in yourself due to hidden symptoms. It is painless and appears only in the late stages, with pronounced symptoms. Thus, leading a healthy lifestyle and periodically undergoing preventive examinations is essential.

2. The risk of developing MS depends on geographic location

It is another exciting and, at that time, little-known fact about multiple sclerosis disease. After conducting experiments, neurologists found that this disease occurs more often in countries with a temperate climate, such as Europe and North America. Other countries with warmer temperatures have a low MS appearance. Thus, early identification of factors like geographic location is vital to prevent MS.

3. Most people with MS do not become disabled

Sometimes people think that this illness makes patients dysfunctional. But most people living with MS do not become disabled. Two-thirds of people with MS can walk independently. But many need help with balance. So, most patients can live a full life with proper treatment and support.

4. Most people diagnosed with MS are between 20 and 50 years old

Most people with multiple sclerosis are usually between 20 and 50. It means that MS is usually detected in a person of working age. And it does not depend on whether you are a woman or a man. It can happen to anyone, regardless of gender. Early identification and care of MS are essential to reduce the signs of the illness. 

Conclusion

Sometimes human life can face difficult circumstances due to multiple sclerosis disease. And unfortunately, there are no treatments that allow you to defeat it ultimately. But fortunately, some highly qualified neurologists help to cope with this.

Lone Star Neurologists are those who know how to cope with neurological ailments. Based on our experience, we understand what MS is and how to deal with it. Thanks to our innovative medical examinations, we can examine your body. Based on this, we will help you fight the disorder and become healthier daily.

FAQ

Why is MS unique?

It is unique because this disease specifically targets the central nervous system. MS primarily attacks the myelin sheath. The more the immune system attacks, the more severe the symptoms in a person. Accordingly, the disease can begin to progress at any time.

Can I lead a normal life with MS?

Of course. Patients can live fulfilling lives with proper treatment and support. It is crucial to work closely with healthcare professionals. It is to develop a personalized care plan tailored to your specific needs. Also, follow a balanced diet and manage stress for good well-being.

Why is MS so common now?

Lifestyle changes and environmental factors might be contributing to the increased prevalence. Changes in population demographics, such as an aging population, could also influence it. As people live longer, the likelihood of developing MS may appear higher. 

Does MS get worse with age?

The progression of multiple sclerosis varies widely between individuals. Some may experience a more aggressive form of the disease as they age. Others may have a slower or more stable course. Thus, everything depends on how you treat it and what stage of the condition you have

Should I tell people I have MS?

It is your personal choice. If you want to get support, you can tell your relatives and friends about it. If you are emotionally not ready to spread this info, you have the right not to tell anyone about it.

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Edward Medina
Edward Medina
15:34 30 Jun 22
Just such an amazing staff that makes you feel like part of their family. I’ve been going there for over 5 years now... and each visit I get the very best care and treatments that I have ever received in the 20+ years that I’ve been dealing with severe debilitating migraines. Since i started seeing them the number of my migraines has dropped from 15-20 a month to 2-3 every 3 month. I highly recommend them …they will change your life!read more
Daneisha Johnson
Daneisha Johnson
22:20 19 May 22
Dr. Askari was very kind and explained everything so I could understand. The other staff were nice as well. I would... have gave 5 stars but I was a little taken aback when I checked in and had to pay 600.00 upfront. I think that should have been discussed in a appointment confirmation call or email just so I could have been prepared.read more
Jean Cooper
Jean Cooper
16:54 29 Apr 22
I love the office staff they are friendly and very helpful. Dr. JODIE is very caring and understanding to your needs... and wants to help you. I will go back. would recommend Dr. Dr. Jodie to other Patients in a heart beat. The team works well together.read more
Linda M
Linda M
19:40 02 Apr 22
I was obviously stressed, needing to see a neurologist. The staff was so patient and Dr. Ansari was so kind. At one... point he told me to relax, we have time, when I was relaying my history of my condition. That helped ease my stress. I have seen 3 other neurologists and he was the only one who performed any assessment tests on my cognitive and physical skills. At one point I couldn't complete two assessments and got upset and cried. I was told, it's OK. That's why you're here. I was truly impressed, and super pleased with the whole experience!read more
Leslie Durham
Leslie Durham
15:05 01 Apr 22
I've been coming here for about 5 years. The staff are ALWAYS friendly and knowledgeable. The Doctors are the absolute... best!! Jodie Moore is always in such a great mood which is a plus when you are already stressed. Highly recommendedread more
Monica Del Bosque
Monica Del Bosque
14:13 25 Mar 22
Since my first post my thoughts have changed here. It's unfortunate. My doctor and PA were great, but the office staff... is horrible. They never call you back when they say they will, they misinform you, they cause you too much stress wondering what's going on, they don't keep you posted. They never answer the phone. At this point I've left four messages in the last week, and I have sent three messages. Twice from their portal and one direct email. No response. My appointment is on Monday morning at 8:30am, no confirmation on my insurance and what's going on. What the heck is going on, this is ridiculous!I've given up... the stress her office staff has put me through is just not worth it. You can do so much better, please clean house, either change out your office staff, or find a way for them to be more efficient please. You have to do something. This is not how you want to run your practice. It leaves a very bad impression on your business.read more
Ron Buckholz
Ron Buckholz
23:32 23 Mar 22
I was actually pleasantly surprised with this visit! It took me a long time to get the appointment scheduled because no... one answers your phones EVER! After a month, I finally got in, and your staff was warm, friendly, and I was totally impressed! I feel like you will take care of my needs!read more
Steve Nabavi
Steve Nabavi
16:28 16 Mar 22
It was a nice visit. Happy staff doing all they can do to comfort the patients in a very calming environment. You ask... me they are earned a big gold star on the fridge. My only complaint they didn't give me any cookies.read more
Katie Lewis
Katie Lewis
16:10 10 Feb 22
Had very positive appointments with Jodie and Dr. Sheth for my migraine care. Jodie was so fast with the injections and... has so much valuable info. I started to feel light headed during checkout and the staff was SO helpful—giving me a chair, water, and taking me into a private room until I felt better. Highly recommend this practice for migraine patients, they know what they’re doing!!read more
Joshua Martinez
Joshua Martinez
16:02 10 Dec 21
I was scheduled to be checked and just want to say that the staff was fantastic. They were kind and helpful. I was... asked many questions related to what was going on and not once did I feel as though I was being brushed off. The front desk staff was especially great in assisting me. I'm scheduled to go back for a mri and am glad that I'll be going there.read more
Isabel Ivy
Isabel Ivy
21:42 03 Nov 21
I had such a good experience with Lone Star Neurology, Brent my MRI Tech was so awesome and made sure I was very... comfortable during the appointment. He gave me ear plugs, a pillow, leg support and blanket, easiest MRI ever lol 🤣 My 72 hour EEG nurse Amanda was also so awesome. She made sure I was take care of over the 3 days and took her time with the electrodes to make sure it was comfortable for me! Paige was also a huge help in answering all my questions when it came to my test results, and letting me know her honest opinions about how I should go forth with my treatment.read more
Leslie Luce
Leslie Luce
17:37 20 Oct 21
The professionalism and want to help attitude of this office was present from the moment I contacted them. The follow... up and follow through as well as their willingness to find a way to schedule my dad was above and beyond. We visited two offices in the same day with the same experience. I am appreciative of this—we spend a lot of time with doctors and this was top notch start to finish.read more
robert Parker
robert Parker
16:38 16 Apr 21
I love going to this office. The staff is friendly and helpful. The doctor is great. I am getting the best... neurological tests and treatment I have ever had. The only reason I did not give them a 5 star rating is because it is impossible to reach a live person at the office to reschedule appointments. Every time I have tried to get through to the office it says all people are busy and I am sent to a voicemail. If they could get their phone answering fixed, I would give them a strong 5 stars.read more
MaryAnn Hornbaker
MaryAnn Hornbaker
00:26 25 Feb 21
Dr. Harney is an excellent Dr. I found him friendly , personable and thorough. I evidently am an unusual case. ... Therefore he spent a Hugh amount of time educating me. He even gave me literature to further explain my condition and how to follow up. This is something you rarely get from your doctors. So I am more than please with my doctor and his staff.read more
Roger Arguello
Roger Arguello
03:05 29 Jan 21
Always courteous, professional. The staff is very friendly and always work with you to find the best appointment time.... The care team has been great. Always taking the time to listen to your concerns and to find the best treatment.read more
Margaret Rowland
Margaret Rowland
01:12 27 Jan 21
I have been a patient at Lone Star Neurology for several years. Now both my adult daughters also are patients there. I... love Jodie. She is always so prompt whether it is a teleamed call are a visit in the office. She takes the time to explain everything to me and answers all my questions. I am so blessed to have Jodie as my doctor.read more
Susan Miller
Susan Miller
03:01 13 Jan 21
My husband had an accident 5 years ago and Lone Star Neurology has been such a blessing to us with my husbands care.... Jodie Moore is his provider and she is amazing! Jodie is very knowledgeable, caring, and thorough. She takes her time with you, making sure your needs are met and she is happy to answer any questions you may have. Lone Star Neurology’s patients are very lucky to have Jodie providing their care. Thank you Lone Star Neurology and especially Jodie for everything you have done for us. Jodie, you are the best!read more
Windalyn C
Windalyn C
01:32 09 Jan 21
Jodie is wonderful. She is very caring and knowledgeable. I have been to over a dozen neurologists, and none were able... to help me as much as they have here. Thanks!read more
Katie Kordel
Katie Kordel
00:40 09 Jan 21
Jodi Moore, nurse practitioner, is amazing. I have suffered from frequent, debilitating headaches for almost 20 years.... She has provided the best proactive and responsive care I have ever received. My quality of life has been greatly improved by her caring approach and tenacity in finding solutions.read more
Ellie Natsis
Ellie Natsis
15:41 07 Jan 21
I have had the best experience at this neurologist's office! For over a year I have been receiving iv treatments here... each month and my nurse, Bobbie is beyond wonderful!! She's so attentive, knowledgeable, caring, and detail oriented. She makes an otherwise uncomfortable experience much more pleasant and definitely puts me at ease! She also helps me with my insurance,ordering this specialty medication and dealing with the ordering process which is no easy feat.Needless to say, she goes above a beyond in every way and I'm so grateful to this office and to Bobbie for all they do for me!read more
Matt Morris
Matt Morris
15:39 07 Jan 21
Let me start by saying that I have been coming here for years. Due to my autoimmune disease, I am in this office... once every three weeks for multiple hours at a time. The office is very clean and the staff very friendly. My only complaint would be there communication via phone. They aren't the best at responding if you leave a voicemail and expect a call back. I understand that this is prob just due to the sheer number of alls they receive daily. What I can say I like the best about the office are the people. Bobby who handles my infusions is great. I never have any issues with her setting up my infusions. She is very quick to reply to messages sent via text and if she were to leave then my whole opinion of the office may change. I also enjoy people like Matt, Lauren, and Jodi. I appreciate all that they do for me and without this team I'm not sure I would be as happy as I am to visit the office as frequently as I have to. Please ensure that these folks are recognized as they are what makes my visit to this office so tolerable :).read more
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