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Types of Cerebral Palsy

Sandeep Dhanyamraju MD
Medically reviewed by Sandeep Dhanyamraju
Sandeep Dhanyamraju MD
Medically reviewed by Sandeep Dhanyamraju

Cerebral palsy is a group of diseases in which there is a violation of motor functions and posture. This violation is due to conditions of cerebral brain injury or impaired brain formation. This disease is one of the most common causes of persistent disability in children. This disease occurs in about 2 cases in every thousand people.

Cerebral palsy causes reflex movements that a person cannot control and muscle thickening, affecting part or all of the body. These disorders can range from mild to severe. There may also be an intellectual disability, seizures, impaired vision, and hearing.

Accepting a diagnosis is sometimes a daunting task for a parent.

Reasons for cerebral palsy. It is the result of trauma or abnormalities in the development of the brain. In many cases, the exact cause of cerebral palsy is unknown. 

  • A possible cause of cerebral palsy during pregnancy or birth could be genetic problems, infections, or health problems in the mother or fetus during pregnancy. Complications associated with childbirth and delivery can also be a cause. Any of these problems can affect the development of the fetus, blood supply, and the provision of the fetus with the necessary nutrients that it receives through the blood. For example, systematic hypoglycemia can lead to the development of this disease.
  • One of the possible causes of this deaseas may be prematurity associated with early birth (premature birth) and, accordingly, with underdevelopment and cerebral conditions. Babies born too early are at greater risk of bleeding into the brain (intraventricular bleeding).

Types of cerebral palsy

Types of Cerebral Palsy

The type of cerebral palsy determines the child’s movement disorders.

Most patients have spastic cerebral palsy. Its presence can affect both all parts of the body and individual parts. For example, a child with spastic cerebral palsy may have symptoms mainly in one leg or half of the body. Most children usually try to adapt to motor impairments. Some patients may even live independently and work, needing only occasional assistance. In cases where there are disorders in both legs, patients require a wheelchair or other devices to compensate for motor functions.

Complete causes the most severe problems. Severe spastic cerebral palsy and choreoathetoid cerebral palsy are types of complete paralysis. Many of these patients cannot care for themselves due to motor and intellectual impairments and require constant outside care. Complications such as seizures and other long-term physical effects of this disease are difficult to predict until a child is 1 to 3 years old. But sometimes, such predictions are not possible until the child reaches school age, and in the process of learning, communicative intellectual and other abilities can be analyzed.

  • The severity of mental impairment, if any, is a strong indicator of daily functioning. Slightly more than half of the patients who have this disease have some degree of intellectual weakness. Children with spastic quadriplegia usually have severe intellectual disabilities.
  • Other medical conditions, such as hearing impairments or problems, often occur with this disease. Sometimes these disorders are noted immediately; in other cases, they are undetected until the child gets older.

Besides, just like people with normal physical development, people with this disease develop social and emotional problems throughout their lives. Because their physical defects exacerbate problems, cerebral palsy patients need the attention and understanding of others.

Most patients with this disease live to adulthood, but their life expectancy is somewhat shorter. Much depends on how severe the form of this disease is and the presence of complications. Some patients with this disease have the opportunity even to work, especially with the development of computer technology; such opportunities have increased significantly.

This disease is categorized according to the type of body movement and posture problems.

Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common type. A patient with spastic develops muscle stiffness in parts of the body that cannot relax. In the damaged joints, contractures occur, and the range of motion in them is sharply limited. 

There are four types of spastic this disease, grouped according to how many limbs are involved. 

  • Hemiplegia: One arm and one leg on one side of the body or both legs (diplegia or paraplegia). They are the most common types of infantile spastic cerebral palsy.
  • Monoplegia: Only one arm or leg is impaired.
  • Quadriplegia: Both arms and legs are involved. Usually, in such cases, there is damage to the brain stem, and, accordingly, this is manifested by impaired swallowing. In newborns with quadriplegia, there may be violations of sucking, swallowing, weak crying; the body may be wadded or, on the contrary, tense. Often, when in contact with a child, hypertonicity of the trunk appears. The child may sleep a lot and not show interest in the environment.
  • Triplegia: Either both arms and one leg or both legs and one arm are invoked.

Extrapyramidal Cerebral Palsy

Extrapyramidal forms of this disease include dyskinetic cerebral palsy and ataxic cerebral palsy.

  • Dyskinetic cerebral palsy is associated with moderate to severe muscle tone. In some cases, there are uncontrollable jerking or involuntary slow movements. These movements most often involve the face and neck muscles, arms, legs, and sometimes the lower back. Relaxed muscles characterize the athetoid type (hyperkinetic) this disease during sleep with minor twitches and grimaces. With the involvement of the face and mouth muscles, there may be disturbances in eating, salivation, choking on food, and the appearance of inadequate facial expressions on the face.
  • Ataxic cerebral palsy is the rarest type of this disease and affects the entire body. Pathological movements occur in the trunk, arms, legs.

The following problems manifest ataxic cerebral palsy:

  • Body imbalance
  • Violation of precise movements. The patient, for example, cannot hit the desired object with his hand or perform even simple movements (for example, bringing a cup to the mouth). Only one hand can reach the object; the other hand may shake when trying to move it. The patient is often unable to button clothing, write, or use scissors.
  • Coordination of movements. A person with ataxic cerebral palsy may walk with too long strides or feet wide apart.
  • Mixed cerebral palsy
  • Total (complete) infantile affects the entire body to one degree or another. Complications of cerebral palsy and other health problems are most likely to develop when the entire body is involved, rather than isolated parts.

 

FAQs

  • What happens to the brain with cerebral palsy?

Cerebral palsy is a disease of the central nervous system, in which one (or several) parts of the brain are damaged, as a result of which non-progressive disorders of motor and muscle activity, coordination of movements, functions of vision, hearing, as well as speech and psyche, develop.

  • What does cerebral palsy mean?

Cerebral palsy is a group of brain diseases arising from its underdevelopment or damage during pregnancy or childbirth and manifested by movement disorders, speech, and mental disorders.

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Edward Medina
Edward Medina
15:34 30 Jun 22
Just such an amazing staff that makes you feel like part of their family. I’ve been going there for over 5 years now... and each visit I get the very best care and treatments that I have ever received in the 20+ years that I’ve been dealing with severe debilitating migraines. Since i started seeing them the number of my migraines has dropped from 15-20 a month to 2-3 every 3 month. I highly recommend them …they will change your life!read more
Daneisha Johnson
Daneisha Johnson
22:20 19 May 22
Dr. Askari was very kind and explained everything so I could understand. The other staff were nice as well. I would... have gave 5 stars but I was a little taken aback when I checked in and had to pay 600.00 upfront. I think that should have been discussed in a appointment confirmation call or email just so I could have been prepared.read more
Jean Cooper
Jean Cooper
16:54 29 Apr 22
I love the office staff they are friendly and very helpful. Dr. JODIE is very caring and understanding to your needs... and wants to help you. I will go back. would recommend Dr. Dr. Jodie to other Patients in a heart beat. The team works well together.read more
Linda M
Linda M
19:40 02 Apr 22
I was obviously stressed, needing to see a neurologist. The staff was so patient and Dr. Ansari was so kind. At one... point he told me to relax, we have time, when I was relaying my history of my condition. That helped ease my stress. I have seen 3 other neurologists and he was the only one who performed any assessment tests on my cognitive and physical skills. At one point I couldn't complete two assessments and got upset and cried. I was told, it's OK. That's why you're here. I was truly impressed, and super pleased with the whole experience!read more
Leslie Durham
Leslie Durham
15:05 01 Apr 22
I've been coming here for about 5 years. The staff are ALWAYS friendly and knowledgeable. The Doctors are the absolute... best!! Jodie Moore is always in such a great mood which is a plus when you are already stressed. Highly recommendedread more
Monica Del Bosque
Monica Del Bosque
14:13 25 Mar 22
Since my first post my thoughts have changed here. It's unfortunate. My doctor and PA were great, but the office staff... is horrible. They never call you back when they say they will, they misinform you, they cause you too much stress wondering what's going on, they don't keep you posted. They never answer the phone. At this point I've left four messages in the last week, and I have sent three messages. Twice from their portal and one direct email. No response. My appointment is on Monday morning at 8:30am, no confirmation on my insurance and what's going on. What the heck is going on, this is ridiculous!I've given up... the stress her office staff has put me through is just not worth it. You can do so much better, please clean house, either change out your office staff, or find a way for them to be more efficient please. You have to do something. This is not how you want to run your practice. It leaves a very bad impression on your business.read more
Ron Buckholz
Ron Buckholz
23:32 23 Mar 22
I was actually pleasantly surprised with this visit! It took me a long time to get the appointment scheduled because no... one answers your phones EVER! After a month, I finally got in, and your staff was warm, friendly, and I was totally impressed! I feel like you will take care of my needs!read more
Steve Nabavi
Steve Nabavi
16:28 16 Mar 22
It was a nice visit. Happy staff doing all they can do to comfort the patients in a very calming environment. You ask... me they are earned a big gold star on the fridge. My only complaint they didn't give me any cookies.read more
Katie Lewis
Katie Lewis
16:10 10 Feb 22
Had very positive appointments with Jodie and Dr. Sheth for my migraine care. Jodie was so fast with the injections and... has so much valuable info. I started to feel light headed during checkout and the staff was SO helpful—giving me a chair, water, and taking me into a private room until I felt better. Highly recommend this practice for migraine patients, they know what they’re doing!!read more
Joshua Martinez
Joshua Martinez
16:02 10 Dec 21
I was scheduled to be checked and just want to say that the staff was fantastic. They were kind and helpful. I was... asked many questions related to what was going on and not once did I feel as though I was being brushed off. The front desk staff was especially great in assisting me. I'm scheduled to go back for a mri and am glad that I'll be going there.read more
Isabel Ivy
Isabel Ivy
21:42 03 Nov 21
I had such a good experience with Lone Star Neurology, Brent my MRI Tech was so awesome and made sure I was very... comfortable during the appointment. He gave me ear plugs, a pillow, leg support and blanket, easiest MRI ever lol 🤣 My 72 hour EEG nurse Amanda was also so awesome. She made sure I was take care of over the 3 days and took her time with the electrodes to make sure it was comfortable for me! Paige was also a huge help in answering all my questions when it came to my test results, and letting me know her honest opinions about how I should go forth with my treatment.read more
Leslie Luce
Leslie Luce
17:37 20 Oct 21
The professionalism and want to help attitude of this office was present from the moment I contacted them. The follow... up and follow through as well as their willingness to find a way to schedule my dad was above and beyond. We visited two offices in the same day with the same experience. I am appreciative of this—we spend a lot of time with doctors and this was top notch start to finish.read more
robert Parker
robert Parker
16:38 16 Apr 21
I love going to this office. The staff is friendly and helpful. The doctor is great. I am getting the best... neurological tests and treatment I have ever had. The only reason I did not give them a 5 star rating is because it is impossible to reach a live person at the office to reschedule appointments. Every time I have tried to get through to the office it says all people are busy and I am sent to a voicemail. If they could get their phone answering fixed, I would give them a strong 5 stars.read more
MaryAnn Hornbaker
MaryAnn Hornbaker
00:26 25 Feb 21
Dr. Harney is an excellent Dr. I found him friendly , personable and thorough. I evidently am an unusual case. ... Therefore he spent a Hugh amount of time educating me. He even gave me literature to further explain my condition and how to follow up. This is something you rarely get from your doctors. So I am more than please with my doctor and his staff.read more
Roger Arguello
Roger Arguello
03:05 29 Jan 21
Always courteous, professional. The staff is very friendly and always work with you to find the best appointment time.... The care team has been great. Always taking the time to listen to your concerns and to find the best treatment.read more
Margaret Rowland
Margaret Rowland
01:12 27 Jan 21
I have been a patient at Lone Star Neurology for several years. Now both my adult daughters also are patients there. I... love Jodie. She is always so prompt whether it is a teleamed call are a visit in the office. She takes the time to explain everything to me and answers all my questions. I am so blessed to have Jodie as my doctor.read more
Susan Miller
Susan Miller
03:01 13 Jan 21
My husband had an accident 5 years ago and Lone Star Neurology has been such a blessing to us with my husbands care.... Jodie Moore is his provider and she is amazing! Jodie is very knowledgeable, caring, and thorough. She takes her time with you, making sure your needs are met and she is happy to answer any questions you may have. Lone Star Neurology’s patients are very lucky to have Jodie providing their care. Thank you Lone Star Neurology and especially Jodie for everything you have done for us. Jodie, you are the best!read more
Windalyn C
Windalyn C
01:32 09 Jan 21
Jodie is wonderful. She is very caring and knowledgeable. I have been to over a dozen neurologists, and none were able... to help me as much as they have here. Thanks!read more
Katie Kordel
Katie Kordel
00:40 09 Jan 21
Jodi Moore, nurse practitioner, is amazing. I have suffered from frequent, debilitating headaches for almost 20 years.... She has provided the best proactive and responsive care I have ever received. My quality of life has been greatly improved by her caring approach and tenacity in finding solutions.read more
Ellie Natsis
Ellie Natsis
15:41 07 Jan 21
I have had the best experience at this neurologist's office! For over a year I have been receiving iv treatments here... each month and my nurse, Bobbie is beyond wonderful!! She's so attentive, knowledgeable, caring, and detail oriented. She makes an otherwise uncomfortable experience much more pleasant and definitely puts me at ease! She also helps me with my insurance,ordering this specialty medication and dealing with the ordering process which is no easy feat.Needless to say, she goes above a beyond in every way and I'm so grateful to this office and to Bobbie for all they do for me!read more
Matt Morris
Matt Morris
15:39 07 Jan 21
Let me start by saying that I have been coming here for years. Due to my autoimmune disease, I am in this office... once every three weeks for multiple hours at a time. The office is very clean and the staff very friendly. My only complaint would be there communication via phone. They aren't the best at responding if you leave a voicemail and expect a call back. I understand that this is prob just due to the sheer number of alls they receive daily. What I can say I like the best about the office are the people. Bobby who handles my infusions is great. I never have any issues with her setting up my infusions. She is very quick to reply to messages sent via text and if she were to leave then my whole opinion of the office may change. I also enjoy people like Matt, Lauren, and Jodi. I appreciate all that they do for me and without this team I'm not sure I would be as happy as I am to visit the office as frequently as I have to. Please ensure that these folks are recognized as they are what makes my visit to this office so tolerable :).read more
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  1. March 2, 2024

    Cool, I’ve been looking for this one for a long time

  2. March 5, 2024

    Cool + for the post

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